Pil kontrasepsi oral gabungan

Pil kontrasepsi oral gabungan

Latar belakang
Jenis kontrol kelahiran	Hormonal
Penggunaan pertama	1960; 66 tahun lalu (1960) (Amerika Serikat)
Tingkat Kegagalan (tahun pertama)
Penggunaan terbaik	0,3%^[1]
Penggunaan umum	9%^[1]
Penggunaan
Pengaruh durasi	1–4 hari
Reversibilitas	Ya
Pengingat pengguna	Diambil dalam jangka waktu 24 jam yang sama setiap hari
Tinjauan klinik	6 bulan
Keuntungan dan kerugian
Perlindungan PMS	Tidak
Periode menstruasi	Diatur, dan seringkali lebih ringan dan kurang menyakitkan
Berat badan	Tidak ada efek yang terbukti
Manfaat	Bukti pengurangan risiko kematian dan penurunan angka kematian pada semua jenis kanker.^[2] Kemungkinan pengurangan risiko kanker ovarium dan endometrium.^[3] ^{[butuh rujukan]} Dapat mengobati jerawat, PCOS, PMDD, endometriosis^{[butuh rujukan]}
Risiko	Kemungkinan peningkatan kecil pada beberapa jenis kanker.^[4]^[5] Peningkatan kecil yang reversibel pada DVT; strok,^[6] penyakit kardiovaskular^[7]
Catatan medis
Memengaruhi antibiotik rifampisin,^[8] ramuan Hypericum (St. Johns Wort) dan beberapa anti-epilepsi, juga muntah atau diare. Perhatian jika memiliki riwayat migrain.

Pil kontrasepsi oral gabungan, sering kali disebut sebagai pil pengendalian kelahiran atau disingkat "pil", adalah sebuah jenis pengendalian kelahiran yang dirancang untuk dipakai dengan cara ditelan lewat mulut oleh wanita. Obat tersebut meliputi gabungan estrogen (biasanya etinilestradiol) dan progestogen (khususnya progestin). Saat dipakai dengan benar, pil tersebut mengatur siklus menstruasi untuk meniadakan ovulasi dan mencegah kehamilan.

Referensi

1 2 Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". Dalam Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar M (ed.). Contraceptive technology (Edisi 20th revised). New York: Ardent Media. hlm. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States. Diarsipkan 15 February 2017 di Wayback Machine.
↑ Hannaford PC, Iversen L, Macfarlane TV, Elliott AM, Angus V, Lee AJ (March 2010). "Mortality among contraceptive pill users: cohort evidence from Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study". BMJ. 340: c927. doi:10.1136/bmj.c927. PMC 2837145. PMID 20223876.
↑ "Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk". National Cancer Institute. 22 February 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 May 2020.
↑ IARC working group (2007). "Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives" (PDF). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 91. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 September 2010.
↑ Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (June 1996). "Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies". Lancet. 347 (9017): 1713–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90806-5. PMID 8656904. S2CID 36136756.
↑ Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Bollen EL, Helmerhorst FM, van der Graaf Y, Rosendaal FR, Algra A (May 2002). "Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke". Stroke. 33 (5): 1202–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000015345.61324.3F. PMID 11988591.
↑ Baillargeon JP, McClish DK, Essah PA, Nestler JE (July 2005). "Association between the current use of low-dose oral contraceptives and cardiovascular arterial disease: a meta-analysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (7): 3863–70. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1958. PMID 15814774.
↑ "Birth Control Pills - Birth Control Pill - The Pill". Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 August 2011. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2009.

Pranala luar

The Birth Control Pill—CBC Digital Archives
The Birth of the Pill—slide show by Life magazine

[Trussell_2011-1] 1 2 Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy". Dalam Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson A, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar M (ed.). Contraceptive technology (Edisi 20th revised). New York: Ardent Media. hlm. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States. Diarsipkan 15 February 2017 di Wayback Machine.

[Hannaford_2010-2] Hannaford PC, Iversen L, Macfarlane TV, Elliott AM, Angus V, Lee AJ (March 2010). "Mortality among contraceptive pill users: cohort evidence from Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study". BMJ. 340: c927. doi:10.1136/bmj.c927. PMC 2837145. PMID 20223876.

[3] "Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk". National Cancer Institute. 22 February 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 27 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 May 2020.

[IARC2007-4] IARC working group (2007). "Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives" (PDF). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 91. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 3 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 14 September 2010.

[oxford_1996a-5] Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (June 1996). "Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies". Lancet. 347 (9017): 1713–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90806-5. PMID 8656904. S2CID 36136756.

[KemmerenEtAl2002-6] Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Bollen EL, Helmerhorst FM, van der Graaf Y, Rosendaal FR, Algra A (May 2002). "Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke". Stroke. 33 (5): 1202–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000015345.61324.3F. PMID 11988591.

[BaillargeonMcClishEssahNestler2004-7] Baillargeon JP, McClish DK, Essah PA, Nestler JE (July 2005). "Association between the current use of low-dose oral contraceptives and cardiovascular arterial disease: a meta-analysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (7): 3863–70. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1958. PMID 15814774.

[8] "Birth Control Pills - Birth Control Pill - The Pill". Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 August 2011. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2009.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Basis data pengawasan otoritas
Internasional	GND
Nasional	Jepang
Lain-lain	Yale LUX

Referensi

Pranala luar

Bagikan artikel ini