Demokrasi Islam adalah demokrasi ideologi politik yang berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Islam ke dalam kebijakan publik dalam kerangka demokrasi. Teori politik Islam menyebutkan tiga ciri dasar demokrasi Islam: pemimpin harus dipilih oleh rakyat, tunduk pada syariah, dan berkomitmen untuk mempraktikkan "syura", sebuah bentuk konsultasi khusus yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Islam Muhammad yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai hadits dengan komunitas mereka. Negara-negara yang memenuhi tiga ciri dasar tersebut antara lain Iran dan Malaysia. Afghanistan, Arab Saudi, Qatar, dan Uni Emirat Arab adalah contoh negara yang tidak menganut prinsip demokrasi Islam meski negara-negara Islam, karena negara-negara ini tidak mengadakan pemilihan. Pelaksanaan demokrasi Islam berbeda di negara-negara mayoritas muslim, karena interpretasi syariah berbeda-beda dari satu negara ke negara lain, dan penggunaan syariah lebih komprehensif di negara-negara di mana syariah menjadi dasar bagi undang-undang negara.
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| Bagian dari seri Politik |
| Demokrasi |
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 Portal Politik |
Demokrasi Islam adalah demokrasi ideologi politik yang berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Islam ke dalam kebijakan publik dalam kerangka demokrasi. Teori politik Islam menyebutkan tiga ciri dasar demokrasi Islam: pemimpin harus dipilih oleh rakyat, tunduk pada syariah, dan berkomitmen untuk mempraktikkan "syura", sebuah bentuk konsultasi khusus yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Islam Muhammad yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai hadits dengan komunitas mereka.[1] Negara-negara yang memenuhi tiga ciri dasar tersebut antara lain Iran dan Malaysia. Afghanistan, Arab Saudi, Qatar, dan Uni Emirat Arab adalah contoh negara yang tidak menganut prinsip demokrasi Islam meski negara-negara Islam, karena negara-negara ini tidak mengadakan pemilihan. Pelaksanaan demokrasi Islam berbeda di negara-negara mayoritas muslim, karena interpretasi syariah berbeda-beda dari satu negara ke negara lain, dan penggunaan syariah lebih komprehensif di negara-negara di mana syariah menjadi dasar bagi undang-undang negara.
Konsep liberalisme dan partisipasi demokratis sudah ada di dunia Islam abad pertengahan.[2][3][4] Kekhalifahan Rasyidin dianggap oleh para pendukungnya sebagai contoh awal sebuah negara demokratis dan diklaim bahwa perkembangan demokrasi di dunia Islam akhirnya terhenti setelah perpecahan Sunni–Syiah.[5]
Berikut ini adalah daftar partai yang bertujuan untuk menerapkan syariat atau negara Islam, atau menganut identitas politik muslim, atau dengan cara lain memenuhi definisi politik Islam, aktivis Islam, atau Islamisme yang dijelaskan dalam artikel ini; atau telah banyak dideskripsikan oleh orang lain.
| Negara atau jangkauan | Gerakan |
|---|---|
| Internasional | |
 Bahrain | [https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/168471 Guide to Bahrain's politics] – 4 Sep 2008. [[J. Adam Ereli|Ambassador Ereli]], US Embassy, Bahrain/Wikileaks/''The Guardian''</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwPA"/> |
 Bangladesh | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh[7][8] (Dilarang) |
 Mesir | [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/world/middleeast/muslim-brotherhood-wins-47-of-egypt-assembly-seats.html Islamists Win 75% of Seats in the Egyptian Parliament] ''The New York Times''.</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwVg"/>
|
 India | |
 Indonesia | Evans, Kevin R (2003). ''The history of political parties & general elections in Indonesia''. Jakarta:Arise Consultancies.</ref><ref name=\"Schwarz, 1994 172\">{{cite book |last= Schwarz |first= Adam|title= A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s |url= https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw |year= 1994 |publisher= Allen & Unwin |isbn=0-521-77326-1 |page= [https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw/page/172 172]}}</ref><ref name=\"Indonesian Democracy’s Enemy Within\">Dhume, Sadanand. (December 1, 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219200554/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=6579 Indonesian Democracy’s Enemy Within]. Yale Global.</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwaA"/> |
 Iran | |
 Iraq | |
 Yordania | Front Aksi Islam[13] |
 Kuwait | Hadas |
 Lebanon | "}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwmQ"/>
|
 Libya | {{Cite news |title=Muslim Brotherhood formally launches party |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=3 March 2012 |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/muslim-brotherhood-formally-launches-party/|accessdate=8 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=\"Soguel\">{{Cite news|first=Dominique|last=Soguel|title=Muslim Brother picked to lead new Libya party|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=8 March 2012|date=3 March 2012|work=Times of India|location=Tripoli|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-03/middle-east/31118855_1_gaddafi-party-north-african-nation|archive-date=2012-07-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701141951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-03/middle-east/31118855_1_gaddafi-party-north-african-nation|dead-url=yes}}</ref>"},"2":{"wt":"[[Partai Tanah Air]]<ref>{{citation|first=Peter|last=Beaumont|title=Political Islam poised to dominate the new world bequeathed by Arab spring|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 December 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/03/political-islam-poised-arab-spring|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref><ref name=\"Dr. Sallabi's views\">{{cite news|date=15 September 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/world/africa/in-libya-islamists-growing-sway-raises-questions.html?pagewanted=all|title=Islamists’ Growing Sway Raises Questions for Libya |accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{citation|first=Richard|last=Spencer|title=Libyan cleric announces new party on lines of 'moderate' Islamic democracy|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=19 November 2011|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8879955/Libyan-cleric-announces-new-party-on-lines-of-moderate-Islamic-democracy.html|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref>"},"3":{"wt":"[[Aliansi Angkatan Bersenjata Nasional]]<ref name=\"Haimzadeh\"/><ref name=lherald>{{Citation |first=George |last=Grant |title=Party Profile: The National Forces Alliance |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=1 July 2012 |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/07/01/party-profile-the-national-forces-alliance/}}</ref>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwpA"/> |
 Malaysia | [http://pas.org.my/v2/kertaskerja/AGS_Penjenamaan_Islam2.pdf ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311001332/http://pas.org.my/v2/kertaskerja/AGS_Penjenamaan_Islam2.pdf |date=March 11, 2012 }}</ref>"},"2":{"wt":"[[UMNO|Organisasi Nasional Melayu Bersatu]]<ref name=\"umno-online.com\">UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.5. From:{{cite web|url=http://umno-online.com/?page_id%3D2787 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229132114/http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787 |archivedate=2012-02-29 |df= }}</ref><ref name=\"ReferenceA\"/>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwxw"/>Partai Amanah Negara |
 Maladewa | |
 Maroko | Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan[25][26] |
 Pakistan | Sidrah Moiz Khan [http://tribune.com.pk/story/399907/pakistans-creation-pointless-if-it-fails-to-become-islamic-welfare-state// \"Pakistan's creation pointless if it fails to become Islamic welfare state\"] \"Imran Khan said on Wednesday that Pakistan’s creation had been pointless if the country fails to become an Islamic welfare state\" 27 June 2012.</ref><ref>Marcus Michaelsen [http://en.qantara.de/Pakistans-Dream-Catcher/18718c497/index.html// \"Pakistan's dream catcher\"] \"Iqbal's work has influenced Imran Khan in his deliberations on an \"Islamic social state\" 27 March 2012.</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mw8A"/> |
 Palestina | * \"This is particularly the case in view of the scholarly debate on the compatibility of Islam and democracy but even more so in view of Hamas's self-definition as an Islamic national liberation movement.\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=AO-tZkbPDKYC&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence, by Shaul Mishal & Avraham Sela, 2006, p. xxviii];\n*In this way the PA has been able to control the economic activities of its political adversaries, including the Hamas and other Islamic opposition groups. [https://books.google.com/books?id=E3Zbk3ZHSSsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Investment in peace: politics of economic cooperation between Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority, by Shaul Mishal, Ranan D. Kuperman, David Boas, 2001, p. 85];\n* \"Hamas is a radical Islamic fundamentalist organization that has stated that its highest priority is a Jihad (holy war) for the liberation of Palestine ...\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol-ud-Lj5zEC&dq=%22an+islamic%22+%22hamas+is%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Peace and war: the Arab-Israeli military balance enters the 21st century, by Anthony H. Cordesman, 2002, p. 243];\n* \"One of the secrets behind the success of Hamas is that it is an Islamic and national movement at one and the same time ...\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=BVBTqq68ZvQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s 'Hamas: Palestinian Identity, Islam, and National Sovereignty', by Meir Litvak, in Challenges to the cohesion of the Arabic State, by Asher Susser, 2008, p. 153.];\n* \"Hamas is an Islamic fundamentalist movement founded in 1987...\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=1Iwd0--ZBUcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues, by [[C. Augustus Martin|Gus Martin]], 2009, p. 153];\n* \"Hamas is an Islamic jihadist organization...\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=sm_eGpXb4EMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Why Israel Can't Wait: The Coming War Between Israel and Iran, by Jerome R. Corsi, 2009, p. 39.];\n* \"The Islamic Resistance Movement (Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islam- iyya), known by its acronym Hamas, is an Islamic fundamentalist organization which defines itself as the military wing of the Muslim Brethren.\" [https://books.google.com/books?id=zaFtAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s Anti-semitic motifs in the ideology of Hizballah and Hamas, by Esther Webman, 1994, p. 17.];\n* [http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/Islamism2Mar05.pdf \"Understanding Islamism\"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307000000/http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/Islamism2Mar05.pdf |date=March 7, 2013 }}, Crisis Group Middle East/North Africa Report N°37, 2 March 2005;\n* {{Cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL23611943._CH_.2400 |title=Hamas leader condemns Islamist charity blacklist |date=2007-08-23 |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=2009-01-28 |archive-date=2016-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205143043/http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL23611943._CH_.2400 |dead-url=yes }};\n* {{Cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2641289.ece |title=Islamist leader hints at Hamas pull-out from Gaza |last=Hider |first=James |date=2007-10-12 |publisher=The Times Online |accessdate=2009-01-28 |location=London }};\n* The New Hamas: Between Resistance and Participation. Middle East Report. Graham Usher, August 21, 2005 * {{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#p5 |title=Council on Foreign Relations |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |accessdate=May 27, 2010 |archive-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602205041/http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#p5 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n<ref name=\"Abcnews.go.com\">{{cite web|author=|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=79201&page=2 |title=Frequently Asked Questions About Hamas |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=2006-01-06 |accessdate=2011-08-02}}</ref>"},"2":{"wt":"[[Jihad Islam Palestina]]"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mw_w"/> |
 Filipina | |
 Rwanda | Partai Demokratis Islam |
 Sudan | Partai Umat Nasional |
 Somalia | Partai Perdamaian dan Pembangunan |
 Suriah | Ikhwanul Muslimin di Suriah[31][32][33] (Dilarang) |
 Turki | {{cite web|title=AKP explains charter changes, slams foreign descriptions|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=akp-explains-charter-changes-slams-foreign-descriptions-2010-03-28|work=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=21 July 2014|location=Istanbul|date=2010-03-28|quote=\"In the Western press, when the AK Party administration, the ruling party of the Turkish Republic, is being named, unfortunately most of the time 'Islamic,' 'Islamist,' 'mildly Islamist,' 'Islamic-oriented,' 'Islamic-leaning,' 'Islamic-based' or 'with an Islamic agenda,' and similar language is being used. These characterizations do not reflect the truth, and they sadden us,\" Çelik said. \"Yes, the AK Party is a conservative democratic party. The AK Party's conservatism is limited to moral and social issues.\"}}</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwATo"/> |
 Yaman |
[The BNP] seems also to have been hurt by its alliance with Islamist parties, the largest of which, Jamaat-e-Islami, was reduced from 17 seats to just two.
West [Pakistan]'s army had the support of many of East Pakistan's Islamist parties. They included Jamaat-e-Islami, still Bangladesh's largest Islamist party ... reinstating and enforcing that original constitution might amount to an outright ban on Jamaat, the standardbearer in Bangladesh for a conservative strain of Islam.
In the Western press, when the AK Party administration, the ruling party of the Turkish Republic, is being named, unfortunately most of the time 'Islamic,' 'Islamist,' 'mildly Islamist,' 'Islamic-oriented,' 'Islamic-leaning,' 'Islamic-based' or 'with an Islamic agenda,' and similar language is being used. These characterizations do not reflect the truth, and they sadden us," Çelik said. "Yes, the AK Party is a conservative democratic party. The AK Party's conservatism is limited to moral and social issues.
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