Bahasa Ormur, juga dikenal sebagai Ormuri, Baraki, Ormui, atau Bargista, adalah suatu bahasa Iran Timur yang dituturkan di Provinsi Logar di Afganistan dan Waziristan di Pakistan. Bahasa ini umumnya dituturkan oleh orang-orang Burki di kotapraja Kaniguram, Distrik Waziristan Selatan. Jumlah penutur yang mulai berkurang dan sangat sedikit membuat Ormur dikategorikan sebagai bahasa terancam.
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Bahasa Ormur (bahasa Pashtun: ارموری ژبهcode: ps is deprecated ; bahasa Persia: زبان ارموریcode: fa is deprecated ), juga dikenal sebagai Ormuri, Baraki, Ormui, atau Bargista, adalah suatu bahasa Iran Timur yang dituturkan di Provinsi Logar di Afganistan dan Waziristan di Pakistan. Bahasa ini umumnya dituturkan oleh orang-orang Burki di kotapraja Kaniguram, Distrik Waziristan Selatan. Jumlah penutur yang mulai berkurang dan sangat sedikit membuat Ormur dikategorikan sebagai bahasa terancam.
Ormur terkenal karena memiliki bunyi fonetik yang tidak biasa, termasuk konsonan getar rongga-gigi geser bersuara yang tidak terdapat pada bahasa sekitarnya, seperti Pashtun. Ormur juga mempunyai konsonan geser rongga-gigi lidah nirsuara dan bersuara, konsonan yang hanya terdapat pada dialek Waziristani dari bahasa Pashtun, tetapi diduga diserap dari bahasa Ormuri karena jaraknya yang dekat.[7]
Nama "Ormur" (orməṛ) diserap dari bahasa Pashtun, berarti "api". Orang pertama yang menyebutkan Baraki adalah Babar, dalam kitabnya berjudul Baburnama. Ormur juga disebut sebagai Birki pada saat itu adalah salah satu dari sebelas hingga dua belas bahasa yang diamati oleh Babar saat berada di wilayah Kabul. Diketahui bahwa banyak penutur Ormur setidaknya dwibahasa atau tribahasa, menuturkan bahasa suku lain seperti Pashtun, Persia, Dari, dan Kaboli[7]
Ormur digolongkan sebagai bahasa Indo-Eropa pada cabang Indo-Iran, Iran, Iran Timur.[8][9]
Menurut Endangered Languages Project, bahasa Ormuri sangat terancam punah.[8][10]
Bahasa Ormur menggunakan abjad Pashtun dengan tambahan huruf untuk bunyi ڒcode: ps is deprecated /r̝/ , ݫcode: ps is deprecated /ʑ/ , dan ݭcode: ps is deprecated /ɕ/ :
| Nama | IPA | Alih aksara | Bentuk | Tersendiri | Latin | Unicode (Heks) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simbol | Akhir | Pertengahan | Awal | |||||
| alif | [ɑ] | ā | ـاcode: ps is deprecated | ـاcode: ps is deprecated | آ, اcode: ps is deprecated | آcode: ps is deprecated , اcode: ps is deprecated | Ā ā | U+0627,
U+0622 |
| be | [b] | b | ـبcode: ps is deprecated | ـبـcode: ps is deprecated | بـcode: ps is deprecated | بcode: ps is deprecated | B b | U+0628 |
| pe | [p] | p | ـپcode: ps is deprecated | ـپـcode: ps is deprecated | پـcode: ps is deprecated | پcode: ps is deprecated | P p | U+067E |
| te | [t̪] | t | ـتcode: ps is deprecated | ـتـcode: ps is deprecated | تـcode: ps is deprecated | تcode: ps is deprecated | T t | U+062A |
| ṭe | [ʈ] | ṭ | ـټcode: ps is deprecated | ـټـcode: ps is deprecated | ټـcode: ps is deprecated | ټcode: ps is deprecated | Ṭ ṭ | U+067C |
| se | [s] | s | ـثcode: ps is deprecated | ـثـcode: ps is deprecated | ثـcode: ps is deprecated | ثcode: ps is deprecated | S s | U+062B |
| jim | [d͡ʒ] | j | ـجcode: ps is deprecated | ـجـcode: ps is deprecated | جـcode: ps is deprecated | جcode: ps is deprecated | J j | U+062C |
| če | [t͡ʃ] | č | ـچcode: ps is deprecated | ـچـcode: ps is deprecated | چـcode: ps is deprecated | چcode: ps is deprecated | Č č | U+0686 |
| he | [h]3 | h | ـحcode: ps is deprecated | ـحـcode: ps is deprecated | حـcode: ps is deprecated | حcode: ps is deprecated | H h | U+062D |
| xe | [x] | x | ـخcode: ps is deprecated | ـخـcode: ps is deprecated | خـcode: ps is deprecated | خcode: ps is deprecated | X x | U+062E |
| tse | [t͡s] | ts | ـڅcode: ps is deprecated | ـڅـcode: ps is deprecated | څـcode: ps is deprecated | څcode: ps is deprecated | Ts ts | U+0685 |
| dzim | [d͡z] | dz | ـځcode: ps is deprecated | ـځـcode: ps is deprecated | ځـcode: ps is deprecated | ځcode: ps is deprecated | Dz dz | U+0681 |
| dāl | [d̪] | d | ـدcode: ps is deprecated | ـدcode: ps is deprecated | دcode: ps is deprecated | دcode: ps is deprecated | D d | U+062F |
| ḍāl | [ɖ] | ḍ | ـډcode: ps is deprecated | ـډcode: ps is deprecated | ډcode: ps is deprecated | ډcode: ps is deprecated | Ḍ ḍ | U+0689 |
| zāl | [z] | z | ـذcode: ps is deprecated | ـذcode: ps is deprecated | ذcode: ps is deprecated | ذcode: ps is deprecated | Z z | U+0630 |
| re | [r] | r | ـرcode: ps is deprecated | ـرcode: ps is deprecated | رcode: ps is deprecated | رcode: ps is deprecated | R r | U+0631 |
| xře | [r̝] | ř | ـڒcode: ps is deprecated | ـڒcode: ps is deprecated | ڒcode: ps is deprecated | ڒcode: ps is deprecated | Ř ř | U+0692 |
| ṛe | [ɽ] | ṛ | ـړcode: ps is deprecated | ـړcode: ps is deprecated | ړcode: ps is deprecated | ړcode: ps is deprecated | Ṛ ṛ | U+0693 |
| ze | [z] | z | ـزcode: ps is deprecated | ـزcode: ps is deprecated | زcode: ps is deprecated | زcode: ps is deprecated | Z z | U+0632 |
| že | [ʒ] | ž | ـژcode: ps is deprecated | ـژcode: ps is deprecated | ژcode: ps is deprecated | ژcode: ps is deprecated | Ž ž | U+0698 |
| źe | [ʑ] | ź | ـݫcode: ps is deprecated | ـݫcode: ps is deprecated | ݫcode: ps is deprecated | ݫcode: ps is deprecated | Ź ź | U+076B |
| sin | [s] | s | ـسcode: ps is deprecated | ـسـcode: ps is deprecated | سـcode: ps is deprecated | سcode: ps is deprecated | S s | U+0633 |
| šin | [ʃ] | š | ـشcode: ps is deprecated | ـشـcode: ps is deprecated | شـcode: ps is deprecated | شcode: ps is deprecated | Š š | U+0634 |
| śin | [ɕ] | ś | ـݭcode: ps is deprecated | ـݭـcode: ps is deprecated | ݭـcode: ps is deprecated | ݭcode: ps is deprecated | Ś ś | U+076D |
| swād | [s] | s | ـصcode: ps is deprecated | ـصـcode: ps is deprecated | صـcode: ps is deprecated | صcode: ps is deprecated | S s | U+0635 |
| zwād | [z] | z | ـضcode: ps is deprecated | ـضـcode: ps is deprecated | ضـcode: ps is deprecated | ضcode: ps is deprecated | Z z | U+0636 |
| twe | [t] | t | ـطcode: ps is deprecated | ـطـcode: ps is deprecated | طـcode: ps is deprecated | طcode: ps is deprecated | T t | U+0637 |
| zwe | [z] | z | ـظcode: ps is deprecated | ـظـcode: ps is deprecated | ظـcode: ps is deprecated | ظcode: ps is deprecated | Z z | U+0638 |
| ayn | [ɑ] | ā | ـعcode: ps is deprecated | ـعـcode: ps is deprecated | عـcode: ps is deprecated | عcode: ps is deprecated | Ā ā | U+0639 |
| ğayn | [ɣ] | ğ | ـغcode: ps is deprecated | ـغـcode: ps is deprecated | غـcode: ps is deprecated | غcode: ps is deprecated | Ğ ğ | U+063A |
| fe | [f] | f | ـفcode: ps is deprecated | ـفـcode: ps is deprecated | فـcode: ps is deprecated | فcode: ps is deprecated | F f | U+0641 |
| qāp | [q] / [k] | q | ـقcode: ps is deprecated | ـقـcode: ps is deprecated | قـcode: ps is deprecated | قcode: ps is deprecated | Q q | U+0642 |
| kāp | [k] | k | ـکcode: ps is deprecated | ـکـcode: ps is deprecated | کـcode: ps is deprecated | کcode: ps is deprecated | K k | U+06A9 |
| gāp | [ɡ] | g | ـګcode: ps is deprecated | ـګـcode: ps is deprecated | ګـcode: ps is deprecated | ګcode: ps is deprecated | G g | U+06AB |
| lām | [l] | l | ـلcode: ps is deprecated | ـلـcode: ps is deprecated | لـcode: ps is deprecated | لcode: ps is deprecated | L l | U+0644 |
| mim | [m] | m | ـمcode: ps is deprecated | ـمـcode: ps is deprecated | مـcode: ps is deprecated | مcode: ps is deprecated | M m | U+0645 |
| nun | [n] | n | ـنcode: ps is deprecated | ـنـcode: ps is deprecated | نـcode: ps is deprecated | نcode: ps is deprecated | N n | U+0646 |
| ṇun | [ɳ] | ṇ | ـڼcode: ps is deprecated | ـڼـcode: ps is deprecated | ڼـcode: ps is deprecated | ڼcode: ps is deprecated | Ṇ ṇ | U+06BC |
| nūn ğunna | [ ̃] | ̃
(bersama vokal lain) |
ںcode: ps is deprecated | ـنـcode: ps is deprecated | نـcode: ps is deprecated | ںcode: ps is deprecated | N n | U+06BA |
| wāw | [w], [u], [o] | w, u, o | ـوcode: ps is deprecated | ـوcode: ps is deprecated | وcode: ps is deprecated | وcode: ps is deprecated | W w, U u, O o | U+0648 |
| he | [h], [a] | h, a | ـهcode: ps is deprecated | ـهـcode: ps is deprecated | هـcode: ps is deprecated | هcode: ps is deprecated | H h, A a | U+0647 |
| kajīra he | [ə] | ə | ـۀcode: ps is deprecated | ۀ | Ə ə | U+06C0 | ||
| ye | [j], [i] | y, i | ـيcode: ps is deprecated | ـيـcode: ps is deprecated | يـcode: ps is deprecated | يcode: ps is deprecated | Y y, I i | U+064A |
| ye | [e] | e | ـېcode: ps is deprecated | ـېـcode: ps is deprecated | ېـcode: ps is deprecated | ېcode: ps is deprecated | E e | U+06D0 |
| ye | [ai], [j] | ay, y | ـیcode: ps is deprecated | ـ | ـ | یcode: ps is deprecated | Ay ay, Y y | U+06CC |
| ye | [əi] | əi | ـئcode: ps is deprecated | ـئـcode: ps is deprecated | ئـcode: ps is deprecated | ئcode: ps is deprecated | Əi əi, Y y | U+0626 |