Afgan (etnonim)

Kuno

Peradaban Lembah Sungai Indus	2200–1800 SM
Peradaban Oxus	2100–1800 SM
Kerajaan Gandhara	1500–535 SM
Kekaisaran Media	728–550 SM
Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah	550–330 SM
Kekaisaran Seleukia	330–150 SM
Kekaisaran Maurya	305–180 SM
Kerajaan Yunani-Baktria	256–125 SM
Kekaisaran Parthia	247 SM–224 AD
Kerajaan Indo-Yunani	180–130 SM
Kerajaan Indo-Skhitia	155–80? SM
Kekaisaran Kushan	135 SM – 248 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	20 SM – 50? AD
Kekaisaran Sasaniyah	230–651
Kidarit	320–465
Alchon Huns	380–560
Hun Putih	410–557
Nezak Huns	484–711

Etnonim Afgan (Dari/Pashtun: افغانcode: fa is deprecated ) dalam sejarahnya digunakan untuk merujuk pada Pashtun.^[1] Sejak paruh kedua abad keduapuluh, istilah "Afgan" berevolusi menjadi demonim untuk seluruh penduduk Afganistan, termasuk masyarakat non-Pashtun.^[1]^[2]

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1 2 Huang, Guiyou (2008-12-30). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-56720-736-1. In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.
↑ Tyler, John A. (2021-10-10). Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars (dalam bahasa Inggris). Aries Consolidated LLC. ISBN 978-1-387-68356-7. The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.

Nama Asia

Negara
berdaulat

Asia Tenggara	Brunei Kamboja Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar Filipina Singapura Thailand Timor Leste² Vietnam
Asia Timur	Jepang Korea Selatan Korea Utara Mongolia Tiongkok Republik Tiongkok
Asia Selatan	Afganistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maladewa Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
Asia Tengah	Kazakhstan³ Kirgizstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Asia Barat	Armenia¹ Azerbaijan¹ Bahrain Siprus¹ Georgia¹ Irak Iran Israel Yordania Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestina Qatar Arab Saudi Suriah Turki³ Uni Emirat Arab Yaman
Lintas benua	Mesir³ Rusia³

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pengakuan terbatas

Dependensi dan
wilayah lain

¹ Terkadang dimasukkan ke Eropa, tergantung definisi perbatasan. ² Terkadang dimasukkan ke Oseania. ³ Negara lintas benua.

[:2-1] 1 2 Huang, Guiyou (2008-12-30). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-56720-736-1. In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.

[2] Tyler, John A. (2021-10-10). Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars (dalam bahasa Inggris). Aries Consolidated LLC. ISBN 978-1-387-68356-7. The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.

[1]

[2]

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