Yahudi Irak, telah terdokumentasikan dari zaman pembuangan ke Babilonia pada sekitar tahun 586 SM. Yahudi Irak merupakan salah satu komunitas Yahudi paling signifikan dan tertua di dunia.
Yahudi Irak (Ibrani: יְהוּדִים בָּבְלִים, Yahudi Babilonia, Yehudim Bavlim, bahasa Arab:يهود العراقcode: ar is deprecated Yahūd al-ʿIrāq), telah terdokumentasikan dari zaman pembuangan ke Babilonia pada sekitar tahun 586 SM. Yahudi Irak merupakan salah satu komunitas Yahudi paling signifikan dan tertua di dunia.
Komunitas Yahudi di Babilonia meliputi Ezra sang Ahli Taurat, yang kembali ke Yudea pada akhir abad ke-6 SM yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan sigifikan dalam perayaan ritual Yahudi dan pembangunan kembali Bait Allah. Talmud dikompilasikan di Babilonia, diidentifikasikan dengan Irak modern.[4]
Dari zaman Babilonia sampai kebangkitan kekhalifahan Islam, komunitas Yahudi di Babilonia menjadi pusat pembelajaran Yahudi. Invasi Mongol dan diskriminasi Islam pada Abad Pertengahan berujung pada pembersihannya.[5] Di bawah Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah, Yahudi di Irak diperlakukan dengan baik. Komunitas tersebut mendirikan sekolah-sekolah modern pada paruh kedua abad ke-19.[6]
Pada abad ke-20, Yahudi Irak memainkan peran penting pada hari-hari awal kemerdekaan Irak. Antara 1950–52, 120,000–130,000 komunitas Yahudi Irak (sekitar 75%) dibawa ke Israel dalam Operasi Ezra dan Nehemia.[7]
Catatan penjelas
Daftar pustaka
Catatan
{{Citation| url = http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/CE955FEA5683ACCF85257512006D8E9E| accessdate = 2013-10-15|title=UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION COMMISSION FOR PALESTINE ,A/AC.25/SR/G/9, 19 February 1949,MEETING BETWEEN THE CONCILIATION COMMISSION AND NURI ES SAID, PRIME MINISTER OF IRAQ|quote=\"It would also be necessary to put an end to the bad treatment that the Jews had been victims of in Iraq during the recent months. The Prime Minister referred to the increasing difficulty of assuring the protection of the Jews resident in Iraq, under the present circumstances. In answer to an observation by Mr. de Boisanger, who wondered whether Tel Aviv was interested in the fate of the Jews of Iraq, the Prime Minister explained that he was not thinking in terms of persecution; he did not wish the Commission to receive a false impression with regard to his personal sentiments towards the Jews. But if the Jews continued to show the bad faith that they had demonstrated until the present moment, events might take place. (The Prime Minister did not clarify this warning)\"}}</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"Glitzenstein2004p205\">{{cite book|author=Esther Meir-Glitzenstein|title=Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZU2QAgAAQBAJ|date=2 August 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-76862-1|page=205|quote=\"in mid September 1950, Nuri al-Said replaced...as prime minister. Nuri was determined to drive the Jews out of his country as quickly as...\"}}</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"AdelmanBarkan2013p365\">{{cite book|author1=Howard Adelman|author2=Elazar Barkan|title=No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRpHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT365|date=13 August 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-52690-6|pages=365–|quote=\"At times, Iraqi politicians candidly acknowledged that they wanted to expel their Jewish population for reasons of their own, having nothing to do with the palestinian exodus...Nuri Said described a plan to expel Jews from Iraq ...head of Jordanian government\"}}</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"AdelmanBarkan2013p237\">{{cite book|author1=Howard Adelman|author2=Elazar Barkan|title=No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRpHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT237|date=13 August 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-52690-6|pages=237–}}</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"Bashkin2012p277\">{{cite book|author=Orit Bashkin|title=New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdDjaxqHzx8C|date=12 September 2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-8201-2|page=277}}</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"Bashkin2012p90\">{{cite book|author=Orit Bashkin|title=New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdDjaxqHzx8C|date=12 September 2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-8201-2|page=90| quote=\"the general sentiment was chat if a man as well connected and powerful as Adas could he eliminated by the state, other Jews would not be protected any longer.\"}}</ref>"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwRw"/>
↑Ben-Yaacob, Abraham, et al. (2007). "Iraq." Encyclopaedia Judaica. 2nd ed. Vol. 10 (pp. 14-24). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 16. Estimate based on the 1947 census, amounting to 2.6% of the total population. Ben-Yaacob et al. note that some studies suggest that the total population of Iraqi Jews "in the late 1940s" could have been as high as 135,000, given that 123,500 were estimated to have immigrated to Israel between 1948 and 1951, and that 6,000 still remained in Iraq after the mass immigration.
↑"},"access-date":{"wt":"2016-06-21"},"archive-date":{"wt":"2008-11-21"},"archive-url":{"wt":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081121080153/http://www.babylonjewry.org.il/new/english/nehardea/14/10.htm"},"dead-url":{"wt":"yes"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwag"/>"Nehardea Magazine". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2008-11-21. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-21.
UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION COMMISSION FOR PALESTINE ,A/AC.25/SR/G/9, 19 February 1949,MEETING BETWEEN THE CONCILIATION COMMISSION AND NURI ES SAID, PRIME MINISTER OF IRAQ, diakses tanggal 2013-10-15, It would also be necessary to put an end to the bad treatment that the Jews had been victims of in Iraq during the recent months. The Prime Minister referred to the increasing difficulty of assuring the protection of the Jews resident in Iraq, under the present circumstances. In answer to an observation by Mr. de Boisanger, who wondered whether Tel Aviv was interested in the fate of the Jews of Iraq, the Prime Minister explained that he was not thinking in terms of persecution; he did not wish the Commission to receive a false impression with regard to his personal sentiments towards the Jews. But if the Jews continued to show the bad faith that they had demonstrated until the present moment, events might take place. (The Prime Minister did not clarify this warning)
Howard Adelman; Elazar Barkan (13 August 2013). No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation. Columbia University Press. hlm.365–. ISBN978-0-231-52690-6. At times, Iraqi politicians candidly acknowledged that they wanted to expel their Jewish population for reasons of their own, having nothing to do with the palestinian exodus...Nuri Said described a plan to expel Jews from Iraq ...head of Jordanian government
Orit Bashkin (12 September 2012). New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford University Press. hlm.90. ISBN978-0-8047-8201-2. the general sentiment was chat if a man as well connected and powerful as Adas could he eliminated by the state, other Jews would not be protected any longer.
Gale, Naomi (2005). The Sephardim of Sydney: Coping with Political Processes and Social Pressures (Edisi 2005). Sussex Academic Press. ISBN9781845190354. – Total pages: 188
Kalpakian, Jack (2004). Identity, Conflict and Cooperation in International River Systems (Edisi 2004). Ashgate Publishing. ISBN9780754633389. – Total pages: 213
Simon, Reeva S.; Laskier, Michael Menachem; Reguer, Sara (2013). The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times (Edisi 2013). Columbia University Press. ISBN9780231507592. – Total pages: 432
Aiding the Enemy Iraq's recent hatred for Jews makes it an odd place to celebrate Passover for American GIs, By T. Trent Gegax, Newsweek Web Exclusive, MSNBC
'It Is Now or Never', Iraqi Jews who were stripped of their citizenship and their homes over the past half century may finally get a chance to reclaim them, By Sarah Sennott, Newsweek, MSNBC
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