Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela tahun 2019 adalah sebuah perselisihan presiden yang menyebabkan krisis nasional di Venezuela, yang sudah berlangsung sejak 10 Januari 2019 lalu.
Pemerintah AS menjatuhkan sanksi pada perusahaan minyak milik negara Venezuela (PDVSA), serta mentransfer aset AS Venezuela ke Guaido.
Mahkamah Agung Venezuela (TSJ) pro-Maduro membekukan aset keuangan Guaido dan memberlakukan larangan perjalanan terhadapnya
Adanya Konferensi Internasional tentang Situasi di Venezuela, dihadiri oleh negara-negara netral, dijadwalkan terjadi di Montevideo, Uruguay, pada 7 Februari 2019
Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela tahun 2019 adalah sebuah perselisihan presiden yang menyebabkan krisis nasional di Venezuela, yang sudah berlangsung sejak 10 Januari 2019 lalu.
Presiden petahana Nicolás Maduro dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pemilihan presiden Mei 2018; yang mana proses dan hasil pemilu itu banyak diperdebatkan.[1] Pada 10 Januari 2019, Majelis Nasional Venezuela, yang mayoritas terdiri atas koalisi oposisi, menyatakan bahwa hasil pemilihan tidak sah dan mengangkat Juan Guaido sebagai penjabat presiden, dikutip dari beberapa klausul Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang disahkan oleh mantan presiden Hugo Chavez, pendahulu Maduro. Sebagai tanggapan, Mahkamah Agung yang ditunjuk Maduro menyebut pernyataan sikap oleh Majelis itu tidaklah konstitusional.[2]
Unjuk rasa massa di seluruh Venezuela dan dunia terjadi pada 23 Januari ketika Guaido meminta rakyat Venezuela untuk berdemonstrasi menentang Maduro.[3][4] Sebuah demonstrasi untuk mendukung Revolusi Bolivarian dan mendukung pemerintah juga terjadi.[5] Demonstrasi massal tersebut berlangsung hingga 30 Januari.[6][7]
Pertemuan khusus di Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika pada 24 Januari dan di PBB pada 26 Januari diadakan, tetapi tidak ada konsensus yang tercapai. Sekretaris Jenderal PBB António Guterres menyerukan dialog untuk meredakan ketegangan.[8] Meksiko dan Uruguay kemudian mengumumkan akan adanya sebuah konferensi internasional untuk negara-negara dengan posisi netral di Montevideo pada 7 Februari.[9]
Pemerintahan Maduro menyatakan bahwa krisis saat ini adalah sebuah kudeta dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menggulingkannya dan mengendalikan cadangan minyak negara yang besar.[10][11][12]
Latar Belakang
Sejak 2010, Venezuela menderita krisis sosial-ekonomi di bawah pimpinan Nicolás Maduro (dan secara singkat di bawah pendahulunya, Hugo Chavez), karena tingkat kejahatan yang meningkat, hiperinflasi, dan kualitas hidup yang rendah.[13][14][15][16][17][18] Sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah, koalisi oposisi pun terpilih menjadi koalisi mayoritas pada Majelis Nasional untuk pertama kalinya sejak 1999; setelah pemilihan parlemen 2015.[19] Setelah pemilihan, para anggota Majelis Nasional yang terdiri dari pejabat Bolivarian mengisi Mahkamah Agung, pengadilan tertinggi di Venezuela, dengan sekutu Maduro.[19][20] Pengadilan melucuti tiga anggota parlemen oposisi dari kursi Majelis Nasional mereka pada awal 2016, mengutip dugaan "penyimpangan" dalam pemilihan mereka, sehingga mencegah terjadinya supermayoritas oposisi yang akan mampu menantang Presiden Maduro.[19]
Pengadilan kemudian menyetujui beberapa tindakan oleh Maduro dan memberinya kekuatan lebih pada 2017.[19] Ketika protes meningkat terhadap Maduro, ia menyerukan akan adanya majelis konstituante yang akan merancang konstitusi baru untuk menggantikan Konstitusi Venezuela 1999 yang dibuat oleh Chavez.[21] Banyak negara menganggap tindakan ini sebagai upaya Maduro untuk tetap berkuasa tanpa batas,[22] dan lebih dari 40 negara menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak akan mengakui Majelis Konstituante Nasional.[23][24] Partai oposisi terhadap partai yang berkuasa, Meja Bundar Persatuan Demokratik (The Democratic Unity Roundtable) memboikot pemilihan umum tersebut, dengan mengatakan bahwa Majelis Konstituante adalah "sebuah trik untuk menjaga [partai penguasa yang] berkuasa".[25] Karena oposisi tidak berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan, Great Patriotic Pole yang berkuasa didominasi oleh Partai Sosialis Bersatu Venezuela, yang memenangkan hampir semua kursi di majelis.[26][27][28] Pada 8 Agustus 2017, Majelis Konstituante mendeklarasikan bahwa Majelis Konstituante merupakan "cabang pemerintah dengan kekuasaan tertinggi di Venezuela", serta melarang Majelis Nasional yang dipimpin oposisi melakukan tindakan yang akan mengganggu majelis sambil terus memberikan langkah-langkah dalam "dukungan dan solidaritas" dengan Presiden. Maduro, secara efektif menghilangkan semua kekuatan Majelis Nasional.[29]
Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.[30] Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.[31][32][33][34] Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,[35][36][37] para politikus dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.[38] Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk Kelompok Lima (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan OAS (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.[39][40][41] Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;[42] yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".[a]
Seruan untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi
Antara pemilihan presiden Mei 2018 dan pelantikan Maduro, ada seruan untuk mendirikan pemerintahan transisi.[51][52][53] CEO Venezuela Al Día, Manuel Corao, berpendapat bahwa Maduro bukan lagi presiden dan bahwa "sebagian besar rakyat di Venezuela terwakili dalam Majelis Nasional [dan ingin] menunjuk pemerintahan transisi yang mengisi kekosongan kekuasaan dan membebaskan Venezuela dari kejahatan Komunis".[51] Mantan legislator Venezuela Alexis Ortiz menyatakan bahwa "Paham Castrochavism [...] membusuk dalam ketidakmampuan, korupsi, dan penyerahan kedaulatan nasional", menyerukan pemerintah transisi untuk bekerja pada rekonsiliasi, mengadakan pemilihan umum, menerima bantuan kemanusiaan dan melindungi kebebasan sipil, di antara beberapa permintaan lainnya.[52]
Sebuah laporan pada November 2018 oleh International Crisis Group mengatakan bahwa "negara-negara tetangga dan kekuatan asing lainnya telah mengambil berbagai langkah - termasuk sanksi, untuk mencapai negosiasi transisi, yang merupakan jalan keluar terbaik dari krisis" [53]
Pembenaran tantangan
Koalisi Oposisi Venezuela mendasarkan tindakannya pada Konstitusi Venezuela 1999, khususnya Pasal 233 yang menetapkan bahwa "pemimpin Majelis Nasional akan memegang jabatan presiden jika tidak ada presiden yang sah", yang mereka nyatakan setelah pemilihan presiden Venezuela 2018.[54] Pasal 333 menyerukan warga negara untuk memulihkan dan menegakkan konstitusi jika tidak diikuti. Mereka berpendapat bahwa baik komunitas nasional dan internasional harus bersatu di bawah pemerintahan transisi yang akan menjamin bantuan kemanusiaan, membawa pemulihan aturan hukum Venezuela, dan akan mengadakan pemilihan demokratis.[54]
Strategi oposisi
Majelis Nasional dan pihak oposisi telah mempertahankan strategi tiga langkah[55] dalam krisis ini untuk memulihkan keadaan demokrasi di negara ini:
Bahasa Indonesia:
Pemberhentian perampasan
Pemerintahan transisi
Pemilihan umum yang bebas
Bahasa Spanyol
Cese de la usurpación
Gobierno de transición
Elecciones libres
Lini masa
Pelantikan kedua Maduro
Presiden Maduro saat pelantikan keduanya pada 10 Januari 2019.
Tanda krisis yang pertama muncul pada saat Hakim Agung dan Hakim Pemilu yang dekat dengan Maduro pindah menetap di Amerika Serikat hanya beberapa hari sebelum pelantikan kedua Nicolás Maduro, pada 10 Januari 2019. Hakim Pengadilan, Christian Zerpa, mengatakan bahwa pelantikan Nicolás Maduro tersebut "tidak berkompeten" dan "tidak sah".[39][40][56] Beberapa menit setelah Maduro mengambil sumpah sebagai presiden Venezuela, Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika menyetujui sebuah resolusi dalam sesi khusus Dewan Permanennya yang menyatakan bahwa kepresidenan Maduro tidak sah dan mendesak pemilihan baru.[57] Pemilihan Maduro tersebut didukung oleh Turki, Rusia, Tiongkok, dan Aliansi Bolivarian untuk Rakyat Kita (ALBA);[58][59] negara kecil Karibia lainnya yang bergantung pada bantuan ekonomi dari pemerintah Maduro (seperti Dominika, Saint Kitts dan Nevis, serta Trinidad dan Tobago) turut menghadiri pelantikannya.[60]
Keputusan publik
Juan Guaidó dikelilingi anggota oposisi pada 11 Januari 2019
Juan Guaidó, pemimpin Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru diangkat, mulai bergerak untuk membentuk pemerintahan transisi tak lama setelah ia diangkat pada 5 Januari 2019, dan menyatakan bahwa "terlepas dari apakah Maduro memulai masa jabatan barunya pada tanggal 10, negara itu tidak akan memiliki presiden yang terpilih secara sah".[61] Atas nama Majelis Nasional, ia menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut telah jatuh ke dalam kediktatoran de facto dan tidak memiliki pemimpin,[62] serta menyatakan bahwa negara tersebut menghadapi keadaan darurat.[63] Dia menyerukan akan adanya "tentara yang mengenakan seragam mereka dengan kehormatan untuk melangkah maju dan menegakkan Konstitusi", dan meminta "warga negara untuk memiliki rasa percaya diri, kekuatan, untuk menemani kita di jalan ini".[63]
Pengakuan
Negara yang mengakui kekuasaan presidensial
Hitam: Venezuela Biru: Mengakui Guaidó Biru muda: Mendukung Majelis Nasional Merah: Mengakui Maduro Abu-abu: Netral
Abu muda: Tidak ada data
{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Internacional/2019/01/10/933848/Quienes-fueron-los-particulares-invitados-en-la-cuestionada-toma-de-poder-de-Nicolas-Maduro.html|title=Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos \"países\" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown \"countries\" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela|website=Emol|language=Spanish|date=10 January 2019}}</ref>\n* {{flag|Sahrawi Republic}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901140151.html|title=Western Sahara: Sahrawi Delegation Participates in Inauguration of Venezuelan President|date=12 January 2019|work=AllAfrica|access-date=}}</ref>\n* {{flag|South Ossetia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|title=Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela|trans-title=South Ossetia, the unknown country without recognition that supports Venezuela|date=10 January 2019|publisher=''La Nación'' (Argentina)|language=Spanish|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110191525/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/2209603-osetia-del-sur-desconocido-pais-sin-reconocimiento|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwAfw"/>
{{cite web|url=http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|title=ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro|date=25 January 2019|publisher=[[ALBA]]|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102353/http://www.portalalba.org/index.php/areas/integracion-regional/alba/19511-alba-reitera-su-apoyo-y-reconocimiento-al-presidente-nicolas-maduro-comunicado|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n* {{flagicon image|Flag of SADC.svg}} [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Solidarity Statement With The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Issued By The SADC Chairperson, His Excellency Dr. Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia |url=https://www.sadc.int/news-events/news/solidarity-statement-bolivarian-republic-venezuela-issued-sadc-chairperson-his-excellency-dr-hage-g-geingob-president-republic-n/ |website=[[Southern African Development Community]] |accessdate=11 February 2019 |date=10 February 2019}}</ref>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwAgs"/>
\n* {{flag|Hezbollah}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Hezbollah condemns US interference in Venezuela |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190126-hezbollah-condemns-us-interference-in-venezuela/ |website=[[Middle East Monitor]] |accessdate=27 January 2019 |date=26 January 2019}}</ref>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwAhY"/>
{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/23/venezuela-protests-thousands-march-against-maduro-as-opposition-sees-chance-for-change|title=Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro|last=Daniels|first=Joe|date=23 January 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=|quote=Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. “I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists,” he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.}}</ref>\n** [[La Piedrita]]\n** {{flagicon image|Tupamaro flag.png}} [[Tupamaro (Venezuela)|Tupamaro]]\n*{{flagicon image|Flag of ELN.svg}} [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|National Liberation Army]]<ref name=\":20\">{{cite news |last1=Charles |first1=Mathew |title=ELN interview: Colombian Marxist guerrillas 'will fight' US troops if they invade Venezuela |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/02/02/eln-interview-colombian-marxist-guerrillas-will-fight-us-troops/ |accessdate=2 February 2019 |work=[[The Telegraph]] |date=2 February 2019}}</ref>\n* [[Wagner Group]] {{small|(disputed)}}<ref name=\"WAGNER\">{{cite news |last1=Tsvetkova |first1=Maria |last2=Zverev |first2=Anton |title=Exclusive: Kremlin-linked contractors help guard Venezuela's Maduro... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-russia-exclusive/exclusive-kremlin-linked-contractors-help-guard-venezuelas-maduro-sources-idUSKCN1PJ22M |accessdate=26 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 January 2019}}</ref> \n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwAiw"/>
{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ediramaal/status/1088352958645968896|title=#Albania recognizes Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela. On behalf of the people of #Albania I wish to @JGuaido and the brave venezuelans to succeed in getting rid of the illegitimate power that has turned their country in a hell for its own people #VenezuelaLibre|first=Edi|last=Rama|date=24 January 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=\"MorinaVenezuela\"/>\n# {{flag|Andorra}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/nacional/2019/02/05/el_govern_reconeix_guaido_com_president_venecola_141582_1125.html|title=Andorra reconeix Guaidó com a president veneçolà|first=Redacció, Agències, Andorra la|last=Vella|date=5 February 2019|website=DiariAndorra.ad|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Argentina}}<ref name=OAS16>{{cite web |title=Pronunciamento de Apoyo a Gobierno de Transicion en Venezuela |url=http://eeoea.mrecic.gov.ar/userfiles/2018/pronunciamiento_de_apoyo_a_gobierno_de_transicion_en_venezuela_1-23-2019.docx|website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto]]|publisher=[[Government of Argentina]] |access-date=25 January 2019|quote=The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Australia}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on Venezuela |url=https://dfat.gov.au/news/news/Pages/statement-on-venezuela.aspx |website=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |publisher=[[Government of Australia]] |access-date=28 January 2019 |quote=Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Austria}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Austria recognizes Guaido as interim president of Venezuela: Kurz |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-eu-austria/austria-recognizes-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-kurz-idUSKCN1PT0RP |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=Reuters |date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sebastiankurz/status/1092350419601375233|title=El régimen de #Maduro se ha negado hasta la fecha a aceptar unas elecciones presidenciales libres y justas. Por este motivo, consideramos desde este momento al Presidente @jguaido como Presidente interino legítimo de conformidad con la Constitución venezolana.|first=Sebastian|last=Kurz|language=Spanish|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Bahamas}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Belgium}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dreynders/status/1092428355587264513|title=We steunen @jguaido in zijn opdracht om vrije en transparante verkiezingen te organiseren, zodat de bevolking zich vrij kan uitspreken en zodat er in #Venezuela verzoening kan komen. We steunen de contactgroep, opgericht met de #EU, in deze overgangsperiode.|first=Didier|last=Reynders|language=Dutch|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Brazil}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.bg/bg/news/20455|title=Позиция на МВнР|website=www.mfa.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EZaharievaMFA/status/1093122438014160896|title=Today the #Bulgarian government decided to officially support and accept @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela. We need a new democratic presidential vote. Committed to the better future of the people of 🇻🇪. Looking forward to the first meeting of the EU-driven #ContactGroup|first=Ekaterina|last=Zaharieva|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>{{efn|The Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recognized Guaidó, but the [[President of Bulgaria]], has issued a statement condemning the foreign ministry's position, critisicing the EU's recognition of Guaidó and urging neturality<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediapool.bg/radev-poiska-bulgaria-da-ne-podkrepya-opozitsiyata-vav-venetsuela-news289452.html|title=Радев поиска България да не подкрепя опозицията във Венецуела|website=Mediapool.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/politika/radev-pak-razkritikuva-pravitelstvoto-za-venetcuela-697142.html|title=Радев пак разкритикува правителството за Венецуела | Политика|website=offnews.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/politika/radev-poiska-da-ne-podkrepiame-evropejskata-pozitcia-za-situatciata-va-696911.html|title=Радев поиска да не подкрепяме европейската позиция за ситуацията във Венецуела | Политика|website=offnews.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.webcafe.bg/newscafe/politika/id_1347049804_Radev_iska_Bulgaria_da_se_vazdarji_ot_pozitsiya_za_Venetsuela|title=Радев иска България да се въздържи от позиция за Венецуела | webcafe.bg|website=www.webcafe.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vesti.bg/bulgaria/radev-atakuva-borisov-sravni-bylgariia-s-venecuela-6091831|title=Радев атакува Борисов, сравни България с Венецуела|website=Vesti.bg|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref>}}\n# {{flag|Canada}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Chile}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Colombia}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Costa Rica}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Croatia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/MVEP_hr/status/1092490178743160832 |title=RH podupire demokratski izabrana tijela Venezuele i pridružuje se zemljama članicama EU u izjavi. U skladu s Ustavom potrebno je provesti slobodne, pravedne i demokratske predsjedničke izbore. |author=MVEP/MFEA |language=Croatian |date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092366807279779840 |title=Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro’s ailure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Czech Republic}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TPetricek/status/1092417334873075712|title=I welcome that the Government of the Czech Republic recognizes Juan #Guaidó as Interim President of #Venezuela who should lead his country to the democratic elections.|first=Tomáš|last=Petříček|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Denmark}}<ref name=Europe>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/04/juan-guaido-interim-venezuela-leader-europe|title=EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader |website=The Guardian |access-date=4 February 2019 |quote=European countries including Spain, France, the UK, Sweden and Denmark have recognised Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela in a coordinated move made after a deadline for Nicolás Maduro to call presidential elections expired.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/anderssamuelsen/status/1092356756364238848|title=Denmark recognises the President of the National Assembly @jguaido as the interim President of #Venezuela until new free and democratic elections take place. Applaud similar statements from key EU partners. Important EU statement coming up #dkpol|first=Anders|last=Samuelsen|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Dominican Republic}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Ecuador}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Estonia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MFAestonia/status/1092408296261197824|title=Estonia recognises Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of #Venezuela, people of Venezuela have inalienable right to freely & democratically choose their leaders and to decide about their own future. We expect @jguaido to call for new, free and fair presidential elections.|author=Estonian MFA|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Finland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Ulkoministerio/status/1092415026156183553|title=FM #Soini: To support the constitutional process in Venezuela, Finland supports Guaido as interim President of Venezuela.|author=ulkoministeriö(Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|France}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/EmmanuelMacron/status/1092359993741983745|title=Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s’exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme \" président en charge \" pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l’UE, dans cette période de transition.|first=Emmanuel|last=Macron|language=French|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy |url=https://1tv.ge/en/news/mamuka-bakhtadze-georgia-recognizes-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela-and-supports-the-courageous-people-of-venezuela-in-their-fight-for-democracy/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=1TV |date=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BakhtadzeMamuka/status/1088388084360712193|title=🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy.|first=Mamuka|last=Bakhtadze|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=24 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Germany}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |access-date=4 February 2019 |work=NY Times |date=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204175941/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/02/04/world/europe/04reuters-venezuela-politics-germany.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RegSprecher/status/1092381309715009537|title=Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet.|first=Steffen|last=Seibert|language=German|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Haiti}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Hungary}}<ref name=Poland>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092474853297438720|title=Joint declaration on #Venezuela|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|title=Hungary supports the Spanish People’s Party’s position with relation to Venezuela|website=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=31 January 2019|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811184157/https://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungary-supports-the-spanish-position-on-venezuela|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Iceland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GudlaugurThor/status/1092497534415704065|title=Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected.|first=Guðlaugur|last=Þór|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Ireland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dfatirl/status/1093137213381054464|title=Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at..|author=Irish Foreign Ministry|date=6 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-israel/israel-recognizes-guaido-as-leader-of-venezuela-idUSKCN1PL0I8 |access-date=27 January 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=27 January 2019 |quote='Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IsraeliPM/status/1089536952532115457|title=Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela.|author=PM of Israel|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=27 January 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Italy}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://eltiempo.com.ve/2019/02/13/gobierno-italiano-reconocio-a-guaido-como-presidente/ |title=Gobierno italiano reconoció a Guaidó como presidente |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=[[El Tiempo (Anzoátegui)|El Tiempo]] |date=13 February 2019 |language=es |quote='El diputado de Forza Italia adscrito a la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Guglielmo Picchi, informó este miércoles que el gobierno italiano reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela. |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023211738/https://eltiempo.com.ve/2019/02/13/gobierno-italiano-reconocio-a-guaido-como-presidente/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n# {{flag|Latvia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/edgarsrinkevics/status/1092356623585157120|title=Latvia recognises and supports Mr. Juan Guaidó, President of the democratically elected National Assembly, as President ad interim of #Venezuela. We call for free, fair and democratic presidential elections @jguaido|first=Edgars|last=Rinkēvičs|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Lithuania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LinkeviciusL/status/1092363337864757248|title=#Lithuania joins other #EU MS in supporting & acknowledging @jguaido, President of @AsambleaVE, as VZ President ad interim. We expect free & democratic elections, strongly support ICG, initiated by EU. Democracy & rule of law in #Venezuela must be restored, human rights protected|first=Linas|last=Linkevicius|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Luxembourg}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MFA_Lu/status/1092422318058627072|title=Jean #Asselborn: like most #EU partners #Luxembourg recognizes the President of the democratically elected National Assembly Juan #Guaidó as interim President of #Venezuela with the authority to implement process leading to free, fair & democratic presidential elections @jguaido|author=MFA Luxembourg|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Malta}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2019/February/05/pr190220.aspx|title=Statement by the Government of Malta|author=Government of Malta|date=5 February 2019|publisher=Government of Malta|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Marshall Islands}}<ref name=\"RNZ\">{{cite web |title=Marshall Islands recognises Venezuela's Juan Guaido |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/381940/marshall-islands-recognises-venezuela-s-juan-guaido |website=RNZ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Montenegro}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|title=Montenegro supports the position of European partners on the need for holding free and democratic elections in Venezuela|date=6 February 2019|publisher=MVP(Ministry of Foreign Affairs)|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020512/http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/news/195924/Montenegro-supports-the-position-of-European-partners-on-the-need-for-holding-free-and-democratic-elections-in-Venezuela.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \n# {{flag|Morocco}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1155036/venezuela-le-maroc-apporte-son-soutien-au-president-autoproclame-juan-guaido.html|title=Venezuela : Le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido|language=French|website=L'Orient le jour|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Netherlands}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ministerBlok/status/1092372480763838465|title=The eight-day period to call for free democratic and transparent elections in Venezuela expired today. The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes @jguaido as interim-President of Venezuela. We want freedom and democracy to return to Venezuela asap.|first=Stef|last=Blok|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|North Macedonia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Dimitrov_Nikola/status/1092456519323537408|title=The Republic of Macedonia, in line with its European partners, supports and considers the President of the Venezuelan Assembly, @jguaido as Interim President, in accordance with the Constitution, in order to organize free, fair and democratic presidential elections.|first=Nikola|last=Dimitrov|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Panama}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Paraguay}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Peru}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n# {{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/status/1092366807279779840|title=Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro’s failure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president.|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Portugal}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/govpt/status/1092461866440445952 |title=more Portugal reconhece Juan Guaidó como Presidente interino da Venezuela em declaração do Ministro dos @ nestrangeiro_pt|author=RepúblicaPortuguesa|language=Portuguese|date=4 February 2019|publisher=[[Twitter]]|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=Poland/>\n# {{flag|Romania}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.g4media.ro/breaking-romania-il-recunoaste-pe-juan-guaido-ca-presedinte-interimar-al-venezuelei-comunicat-al-administratia-prezidentiala.html |title=România îl recunoaște pe Juan Guaidó ca Președinte interimar al Venezuelei – comunicat al Administrației Prezidențiale |work=G4Media |author=Mihai Roman |language=Romanian |date=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/KlausIohannis/status/1093807210474471424|title=Romania officially recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president of # Venezuela.|first=Klaus|last=Iohannis|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=8 February 2019|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Slovenia}}<ref name=Europe/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.sta.si/2605963/slovenia-recognises-juan-guaido-as-interim-president-of-venezuela|title=STA: Slovenia recognises Juan Guaido as interim president of Venezuela|website=english.sta.si|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Spain}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sanchezcastejon/status/1092349110617849856|title=Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela|first=Pedro|last=Sanchez|language=Spanish|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Sweden}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/margotwallstrom/status/1092425826488983552|title=Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country’s constitution, free and fair elections should now be called.|first=Margot|last=Wallstroem|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Відповідь Речниці МЗС України Катерини Зеленко для ЗМІ щодо політичної кризи у Венесуелі |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |accessdate=4 February 2019 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072227/https://mfa.gov.ua/ua/press-center/briefing/1317-vidpovidy-rechnici-mzs-ukrajini-katerini-zelenko-dlya-zmi-shhodo-politichnoji-krizi-u-venesujeli |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MFA: Ukraine backs Venezuelan opposition leader |url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10433733-mfa-ukraine-backs-venezuelan-opposition-leader.html |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=www.unian.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/wall-street-journal-juan-guaido-recognized-as-venezuelas-president-by-major-eu-countries.html\n|title=Wall Street Journal: Juan Guaidó recognized as Venezuela’s president by major EU countries |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Wall Street Journal |via=[[Kyiv Post]] |accessdate=4 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name=Europe/><ref name=Poland/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Jeremy_Hunt/status/1092349500688158720|title=Nicolas Maduro has not called Presidential elections within 8 day limit we have set. So UK alongside European allies now recognises @jguaido as interim constitutional president until credible elections can be held. Let’s hope this takes us closer to ending humanitarian crisis|first=Jeremy|last=Hunt|publisher=[[twitter]]|date=4 February 2019|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|United States}}<ref name=OAS16/>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwAj0"/>
\n# {{flag|Greece}}<ref name=\"POLITICO\"/>\n# {{flag|Guyana}}<ref name=\"U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States\"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/01/25/concerned-guyana-government-urges-dialogue-as-venezuelas-woes-worsen/|title=Concerned Guyana government urges dialogue as Venezuela’s woes worsen|date=25 January 2019|website=Kaieteur News|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Jamaica}}<ref name=\"U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States\"/>\n# {{flag|Japan}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|title=Japón lamenta investidura de Maduro y Honduras también se pronuncia - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416063159/http://efectococuyo.com/internacionales/japon-lamenta-investidura-de-maduro-y-honduras-tambien-se-pronuncia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/japan-germany/japan-pm-abe-wants-stable-democratic-prompt-solution-to-venezuela-situation-idUKL3N1ZZ2IY|title=Japan PM Abe: wants stable, democratic, prompt solution to Venezuela situation|first=Elaine|last=Lies|publisher=Reuters|date=4 February 2019|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Saint Lucia}}<ref name=\"U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States\"/>\n# {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name=\"POLITICO\"/>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwA-k"/>
Beberapa negara menyerukan secara khusus untuk tidak melakukan intervensi dan tanpa mengakui kedua belah pihak, meminta diadakan diskusi diplomatik untuk bergerak maju.
Negara-negara PBB
{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105005145/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/antigua-pm-says-caribbean-could-be-destabilised-as-a-result-of-situation-in-venezuela_155794?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Armenia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2019/01/24/armenia-venezuela/1516973|title=Armenia follows developments in Venezuela, hopes for peaceful solution: MFA spokesperson|website=Aysor}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Barbados}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Writer |first1=Staff |date=29 January 2019 |year= |title=CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis |url=https://barbadostoday.bb/2019/01/28/caricom-optimistic-of-peaceful-solution-to-venezuelan-crisis/ |dead-url= |publisher=Barbados Today Newspaper |publication-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=4 February 2019 |quote=St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Belize}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2019/01/20/prime-minister-barrow-speaks-out-against-foreign-intervention-in-nicaragua-and-venezuela/|title=Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela|date=20 January 2019|publisher=Breaking Belize News}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Grenada}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|title=Jamaica Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2020-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107113309/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/grenada-worried-about-instabality-in-venezuela_155880?profile=1373|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n# {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-refuses-to-join-efforts-to-recognise-self-declared-president-of-venezuela/articleshow/67685085.cms|title=India refuses to join efforts to recognise self-declared president of Venezuela|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan|date=25 January 2019|website=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/india-calls-for-dialogue-in-venezuela/1374805|title=India calls for dialogue in Venezuela|date=25 January 2019|work=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesia calls for restraint in Venezuela |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/26/indonesia-calls-for-restraint-in-venezuela.html |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=26 January 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Ivory Coast}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africatimes.com/2019/01/27/un-security-councils-african-members-support-venezuelas-maduro/|title=UN Security Council’s African members support Venezuela’s Maduro|date=27 January 2019|website=Africa Times}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2773857|title=Kuwait urges dialogue to end political standoff in Venezuela|date=27 January 2019|website=Kuwait News Agency|access-date=}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Mexico}}<ref name=\"The Straits Times\">{{cite web |title=Maduro v Guaido: Who is backing whom amid crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/americas/maduro-vs-guaido-who-is-backing-whom-amid-crisis-in-venezuela |website=The Straits Times |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=28 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |work= Star Tribune |title= The Latest: Venezuela opposition leader backs US sanctions |agency= Associated Press |date= 29 January 2019 |accessdate= 30 January 2019 |archive-date= 2019-12-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191227202801/http://www.startribune.com/the-latest-venezuela-diplomat-in-miami-backs-challenger/504977872/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref>\n# {{flag|Nepal}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/11789-2/ |publisher=Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|New Zealand}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor Ainge |title=Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/29/venezuela-crisis-new-zealand-guaido-interim-president?CMP=twt_gu |accessdate=29 January 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 January 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Norway}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bjørgaas |first1=Tove |title=Sverige og Danmark anerkjenner Guaido – Norge vil ikke |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/sverige-og-danmark-anerkjenner-guaido-_-norge-vil-ikke-1.14414059 |accessdate=4 February 2019 |work=NRK.no |language=no}}</ref>\n# {{flag|San Marino}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela: San Marino, \"Riceviamo l'auspicio del Papa per una soluzione pacifica della crisi\" |url=http://www.smtvsanmarino.sm/politica/2019/02/04/venezuela-san-marino-riceviamo-auspicio-papa-soluzione-pacifica-crisi |accessdate=10 February 2019 |work=[[SMtv San Marino (TV channel)|SMTV San Marino]] |date=4 February 2019 |language=it}}</ref>\n# {{flag|South Korea}}<ref>{{cite web |title=MOFA Spokesperson’s Statement on Crisis in Venezuela |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=320374&srchFr=&srchTo=&srchWord=&srchTp=&multi_itm_seq=0&itm_seq_1=0&itm_seq_2=0&company_cd=&company_nm=&page=1&titleNm= |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea]] |publisher=[[Government of the Republic of Korea]] |accessdate=5 February 2019 |date=1 February 2019}}</ref>\n# {{flag|Switzerland}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geiser |first1=Urs |title=Swiss concerned about the deepening crisis in Venezuela |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/uncertainty_swiss-concerned-about-the-deepening-crisis-in-venezuela/44708320 |accessdate=2 February 2019 |work=SWI swissinfo.ch }}</ref>\n# {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref>https://newsday.co.tt/2019/02/15/tt-preserving-neutral-position-on-venezuela/</ref>\n# {{flag|Vatican City}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-vatican/vatican-calls-for-end-to-suffering-in-venezuela-but-takes-no-sides-idUSKCN1PI2QM |title= Vatican calls for end to suffering in Venezuela but takes no sides |date= 24 January 2019 |accessdate= 2 February 2019 |work= Reuters}}</ref>\n"}},"i":0}}]}' id="mwBCw"/>
Jajak pendapat di Venezuela yang digambarkan oleh Reuters "sangat kontroversial dan berbeda" dengan kenyataan di lapangan.[190]
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 1.000 pemilih terdaftar di Venezuela oleh Venezuela Hercon, yang dilakukan dari 15 hingga 19 Januari 2019, melaporkan 79,9% responden setuju agar Maduro meninggalkan jabatannya. Mengenai Majelis Nasional, 68,8% responden menilai pekerjaan mereka positif sementara 15,6% menilai tindakan mereka negatif. Ketika ditanya apakah mereka setuju dengan Majelis Nasional menyumpahi Guaido sebagai presiden sementara, 68,6% setuju dengan Guaido menjadi presiden sementara sementara 19,4% tidak setuju.[191]
Survei terhadap 900 orang antara 19 dan 20 Januari oleh Meganálisis melaporkan bahwa 81,4% responden berharap bahwa Guaido akan dilantik pada 23 Januari, sementara 84,2% mendukung pemerintahan transisi untuk menggantikan pemerintahan Maduro.[192]
Sebuah survei Meganálisis terhadap 870 warga Venezuela yang dilakukan antara 24 dan 25 Januari melaporkan bahwa 83,7% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden yang sah, 11,4% tidak dapat memutuskan siapa yang menjadi presiden dan 4,8% mengakui Maduro sebagai presiden.[193]
Sebuah survei telepon terhadap 999 warga Venezuela oleh Hercon antara 25 dan 30 Januari menunjukkan bahwa 81,9% responden mengakui Guaido sebagai presiden, 13,4% menanggapi dengan menyatakan Maduro adalah presiden dan 4,6% tidak memutuskan.[194]
Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional Oscar Schemel[es] yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,[190][195][196] melaporkan bahwa 86% rakyat Venezuela akan menentang intervensi militer, 81% menentang sanksi AS, dan bahwa 84% mendukung dialog untuk mengakhiri krisis.[197] Polling Hinterlaces lainnya, dari 1.580 rumah tangga, melaporkan bahwa 81% tidak tahu siapa Guaido, dengan 11% memiliki pendapat yang mendukungnya dan 5% memiliki pendapat yang tidak menguntungkan; 3% tidak memiliki pendapat.[198]
↑El Salvador changed its mind several times. Initially supporting Maduro, an official statement released on 24 January said they recognized Guaidó; later that day another statement was released, reiterating their backing of Maduro.[71][72]
↑Palestine is not placed under non-UN states because it is a UN observer.
↑While Uruguay still recognizes Maduro as President, on 13 February the Uruguayan government released a joint statement with the Argentine government (who recognizes Guaidó) calling for new elections.[83][84][85]
↑The Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recognized Guaidó, but the President of Bulgaria, has issued a statement condemning the foreign ministry's position, critisicing the EU's recognition of Guaidó and urging neturality[107][108][109][110][111]
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↑Bullock, Penn (10 January 2019). "Climate Change, U.S. Shutdown, Michael Cohen: Your Friday Briefing". New York Times (Online)– via ProQuest. President Nicolás Maduro was inaugurated for a second term after an election last year that was widely considered illegitimate — and despite a plummeting economy and skyrocketing violence, hunger and migration.
↑Sen, Ashish Kumar. "Venezuela's Sham Election". Atlantic Council (dalam bahasa Inggris (Britania)). Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 18 November 2018. Diakses tanggal 11 January 2019.
↑"Venezuela's Maduro begins second term". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris (Britania)). 10 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 10 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 11 January 2019.
↑"Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro". Reuters. 23 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019. Bolivia's leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.
↑"Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?". cnbc.com. 24 January 2019. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2019-01-27. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-02. State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela's export earnings, stood by Maduro. "We have no other president" besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer.
↑Daniels, Joe (23 January 2019). "Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro". The Guardian. Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. "I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists," he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.
12345678910111213141516"Pronunciamento de Apoyo a Gobierno de Transicion en Venezuela". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Government of Argentina. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2019. The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.
123456"EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019. European countries including Spain, France, the UK, Sweden and Denmark have recognised Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela in a coordinated move made after a deadline for Nicolás Maduro to call presidential elections expired.
↑"Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela". Reuters. 27 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2019. 'Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.
↑"Gobierno italiano reconoció a Guaidó como presidente". El Tiempo (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 13 February 2019. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2020-10-23. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2019. 'El diputado de Forza Italia adscrito a la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Guglielmo Picchi, informó este miércoles que el gobierno italiano reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela.
1234Hanke, Jakob; von der Burchard, Hans (24 January 2019). "Brussels caught off-guard by Venezuela's political turmoil". POLITICO. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2019. In a declaration published late Wednesday, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said the EU ... "fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected." ... Kocijančič said Mogherini's statement had been "agreed with all 28 member states" ...
↑Writer, Staff (29 January 2019). "CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis". Barbados Today Newspaper. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2019. St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.