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Kreosot

Kreosot adalah kategori bahan kimia berkarbon yang terbentuk melalui penyulingan berbagai tar dan pirolisis bahan yang berasal dari tumbuhan seperti kayu, atau bahan bakar fosil. Kreosot biasanya digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet atau antiseptik.

senyawa kimia
Diperbarui 31 Januari 2026

Sumber: Lihat artikel asli di Wikipedia

Kreosot
Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservativeTemplat:SHORTDESC:Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative

Bantalan rel kayu sebelum (kanan) dan setelah (kiri) direndam dengan kreosot, diangkut dengan gerbong kereta api di fasilitas Santa Fe Railroad, di Albuquerque, New Mexico, pada Maret 1943. Foto pemerintah AS pada masa perang ini melaporkan bahwa "Bantalan hitam yang mengepul di [sebelah kiri foto]... baru saja keluar dari retort tempat bantalan tersebut direndam dengan kreosot selama delapan jam." Bantalan tersebut "terbuat dari pinus dan fir... dikeringkan selama delapan bulan" [seperti yang terlihat pada muatan gerbong kereta api yang tidak diolah di sebelah kanan].[1]

Kreosot adalah kategori bahan kimia berkarbon yang terbentuk melalui penyulingan berbagai tar dan pirolisis bahan yang berasal dari tumbuhan seperti kayu, atau bahan bakar fosil. Kreosot biasanya digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet atau antiseptik.[2]

Beberapa jenis kreosot secara historis digunakan sebagai perawatan untuk komponen struktur kayu di laut dan di luar ruangan untuk mencegah pembusukan (misalnya jembatan dan bantalan rel kereta api, lihat gambar). Sampelnya dapat ditemukan secara umum di dalam cerobong asap, tempat batubara atau kayu terbakar dalam kondisi yang bervariasi, menghasilkan jelaga dan asap tar. Kreosot adalah bahan kimia utama yang bertanggung jawab atas stabilitas, aroma, dan rasa khas daging asap. Namanya berasal dari bahasa Yunani κρέας (kreas, artinya "daging") dan σωτήρ (sōtēr, artinya "pengawet").[3]

Dua jenis utama yang dikenal dalam industri adalah kreosot tar batu bara dan kreosot tar kayu. Varietas tar batubara, yang memiliki sifat lebih kuat dan lebih beracun, terutama telah digunakan sebagai pengawet untuk kayu. Kreosot tar batubara juga dulunya digunakan sebagai eskarotik untuk membakar jaringan kulit ganas, dan dalam kedokteran gigi untuk mencegah nekrosis, sebelum sifat karsinogeniknya diketahui.[4][5]

Referensi

  1. ↑ Delnao 1943
  2. ↑ Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 7
  3. ↑ Schorlemmer 1885, hlm. 152
  4. ↑ "ToxFAQs for Creosote". Toxic Substances Portal. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Diakses tanggal 2023-04-07.
  5. ↑ "Coal Tar and Coal-Tar Pitch". cancer.gov. National Cancer Institute. Maret 20, 2015. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-24.
  6. Schorlemmer 1885, hlm. 153
  7. Nickels 1890, hlm. 614
  8. Allen 1910, hlm. 353
  9. Allen 1910, hlm. 347
  10. Allen 1910, hlm. 348
  11. American Pharmaceutical Association 1895, hlm. 1073
  12. Renard 1895, hlm. 294
  13. Lee et al. 2005, hlm. 1483
  14. Roscoe & Schorlemmer 1888, hlm. 37
  15. Roscoe & Schorlemmer 1888, hlm. 33
  16. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 1898, hlm. 468
  17. Abel & Smith 1857, hlm. 23
  18. Letheby 1870, hlm. 225–226
  19. Cormack 1836, hlm. 58
  20. Parr 1809, hlm. 383
  21. Berkeley 1744, hlm. 9
  22. Pliny 1856, hlm. 8
  23. Pliny 1855, hlm. 290
  24. Cormack 1836, hlm. 50
  25. Vitet 1778, hlm. 427
  26. Chemist and Druggist 1889, hlm. 300
  27. King, Felter & Lloyd 1905, hlm. 617
  28. Taylor 1902, hlm. 207
  29. Whittaker 1893, hlm. 77
  30. Contrepois 2002, hlm. 211
  31. Kinnicutt 1892, hlm. 514
  32. Imlay 1876, hlm. 514
  33. Dobbell 1878, hlm. 315
  34. Kinnicutt 1892, hlm. 515
  35. Coblentz 1908
  36. Engineering and Contracting 1912, hlm. 531
  37. American Railway Bridge and Building Association 1914, hlm. 287
  38. Allen 1910, hlm. 366
  39. Bateman 1922, hlm. 47
  40. Bateman 1922, hlm. 50
  41. Angier 1910, hlm. 408
  42. Nickels 1890, hlm. 615
  43. Brock 2008, hlm. 91
  44. Orr & White 1990, hlm. 255
  45. Orr & White 1990, hlm. 39
  46. Speight 1994, hlm. 77
  47. Melber, Kielhorn & Mangelsdorf 2004, hlm. 11
  48. Speight 1994, hlm. 456
  49. Mushrush & Speight 1995, hlm. 115
  50. Greenhow 1965, hlm. 58
  51. Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 12
  52. Price, Kellogg & Cox 1909, hlm. 13
  53. Philips 1891, hlm. 255
  54. Martin 1913, hlm. 416–419
  55. Nelson 1907, hlm. 204
  56. Noller 1965, hlm. 185
  57. Salmon 1901, hlm. 7–14
  58. Seirogan 2011
  59. "Commission Directive 2001/90/EC". Official Journal of the European Communities. Oktober 27, 2001 – via eur-lex.europa.eu.
  60. "Commission Directive 76/769/EEC". Official Journal of the European Communities. Oktober 3, 2007 – via eur-lex.europa.eu.
  61. Health and Safety Executive 2011
  62. Creosote Council 2011
  63. Ibach & Miller 2007, 14-1–14-9
  64. Joerin 1909, hlm. 767
  65. Bradbury 1909, hlm. 107
  66. Farrar 1880, hlm. 412–417
  67. Farrar 1893, hlm. 1–25
  68. Pease 1862
  69. Hunt & Garratt 1967, hlm. 88
  70. Voorhies 1940
  71. Stimson 1914, hlm. 626
  72. Hunt & Garratt 1967, hlm. 97
  73. Richardson 1993, hlm. 103
  74. Encyclopædia Britannica 1949, hlm. 821
  75. "Creosote (CASRN 8001-58-9)". Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). United States Environmental Protection Agency. September 7, 1988. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2000-08-23.
  76. Wong & Harris 2005
  77. "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings" (PDF). usfa.dhs.gov/. 2006. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-05-27.
  78. Chenoweth 1945, hlm. 206
  79. Bolognini et al 2002
  80. Howard 1990, hlm. 311
  81. MacLean 1952
  82. Shupe, Lebow & Ring 2008
  83. Smith 2002
  84. Shupe 2012
  85. Connell 2005, hlm. 376–379
  86. Balsama et al 1984
  87. Clarke & McFarland 1991
  88. Elder & Dresler 1988
  89. Neff 2002
  90. "Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Creosote (Case 0139)" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. September 25, 2008. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-29.
  91. Ramanand & Suflita 1991
  92. Phelps & Young 1999
  93. Aronson et al 1999
  94. Smolenski & Suflita 1987
  95. Zazo et al 2005
  96. Wang et al 2004
  97. Lovley & Lonergan 1990
  98. Bossert & Young 1986
  99. Weitkamp & Bennett 2011

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