Sejarah
Kebudayaan India diawali oleh kebudayaan Indus. Perkembangan kebudayaan Indus berlangsung sekitar periode 2500–1500 Sebelum Masehi. Kebudayaan Indus berkembang di sepanjang Sungai Indus. Terbentuknya kebudayaan Indus diawali dari migrasi manusia ke wilayah yang subur untuk mengadakan irigasi pertanian dan kemudian mendirikan permukiman. Setelah melalui beberapa waktu, terbentuklah kawasan perkotaan dengan tiga kota besar yaitu Harappa, Mohenjo-daro dan Lothal. Kebudayaan Indus berkembang pesat dengan ditandai adanya benteng-benteng pertahanan, kuil, dan lumbung hasil usaha tani. Kebudayaan Indus berlangsung sekitar satu milenium. Sekitar tahun 1700 sebelum Masehi, kebudayaan Indus menghilang setelah gempa bumi dan banjir melanda kota-kota besar yang dimukimi oleh penduduk.[3]
Referensi
Sitasi
- ↑ John Keay (2011), India: A History, 2nd Ed – Revised and Updated, Grove Press / Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-8021-4558-1, see Introduction and Chapters 3 through 11
- ↑ Mohammada, Malika (2007), The foundations of the composite culture in India, Aakar Books, ISBN 81-89833-18-9
- ↑ Mash’ud, Imam (2021). Kearifan Lokal Epigrafi Islam Masa Majapahit pada Makam Nisan Troloyo. Jakarta: LIPI Press. hlm. 10. ISBN 978-602-496-203-6. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2021-09-11. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-11.
Daftar pustaka
- Ghose, Aurobindo. 1998. The foundations of Indian culture. Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
- Natalia Lidova (2014). "Natyashastra". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071. ;
- Natalia Lidova (1994). Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1234-5.
- Williams, Drid (2004). "In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing" (PDF). Visual Anthropology. 17 (1): 69–98. doi:10.1080/08949460490274013. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-22. ;
- Tarla Mehta (1995). Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1057-0.
- Emmie Te Nijenhuis (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. BRILL Academic. ISBN 978-90-04-03978-0.
- Gupta, S. P., & Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute. (2011). The roots of Indian art: A detailed study of the formative period of Indian art and architecture, third and second centuries B.C., Mauryan and late Mauryan. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.
- Kapila Vatsyayan (2001). Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-1220-6.
- Kapila Vatsyayan (1977). Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts. Sangeet Natak Akademi. OCLC 233639306., Table of Contents
- Public Broadcasting System, USA (2008). The story of India – history and culture
- Sharma, Ram Sharan (2005), India's Ancient Past, (Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-568785-9).
- Bajpai, Shiva (2011). The History of India – From Ancient to Modern Times, (Himalayan Academy Publications (Hawaii, USA), ISBN 978-1-934145-38-8)
- A.L. Basham, The Wonder That was India, ISBN 0-330-43909-X, Picador London
- Auboyer, Jeannine (2002). Daily Life in Ancient India, from 200 BC to 700 AD. (originally published in French in 1961), Phoenix Press, London ISBN 1-84212-591-5
- Dalmia, Vasudha and Rashmi Sadana (editors), The Cambridge Companion to Modern Indian Culture, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-51625-9
- Grihault, Nicki. Culture Smart! India: A Quick Guide to Customs and Etiquette. ISBN 1-85733-305-5.
- Henderson, Carol E. (2002). Culture and Customs of India. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-30513-7.
- Naipaul, V.S, India: A Million Mutinies Now, ISBN 0-7493-9920-1.
- Nilakanta Sastri, A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-560686-8
- Tully, Mark. No Full Stops in India. ISBN 0-14-010480-1
- Patra, Avinash (2012), The Spiritual Life and Culture of India, Oxford University Press, England.
